Friends, today in this article we will learn about the technical principle of solar photovoltaic cell. I am going to give information about all this in a very good way. So let’s start.
Technical principle of solar photovoltaic cell
Photovoltaic effect can be seen on many substances in sunlight. When the rays of the sun fall on a semiconductor, the semiconductor absorbs the photons present in the rays of the sun and free electrons are produced from it. Electricity is produced from these high energy free electrons because these electrons have high energy. From this power source, high energy electrons produce electricity and flow in the semiconductor for work. An electric field is produced by the union of substances which have different properties.
Ordinary silicon cells consist of thin wafers, 300 micrometers thick and 3 to 6 cm in diameter. These wafers are cut from a negative or positive silicon dope. The back junction is formed by impurities in the silicon at one end. Titanium silver electrodes are soldered to the front and back of the silicon wafer. The front electrodes form a metal grid through which solar radiation reaches the wafer, while the back electrodes cover it completely. A 0.1 micrometer thick layer of silicon oxide is applied on its upper surface which prevents the solar rays from reflecting. The efficiency of this cell is up to 10-15 percent. These silicon are made of copper sulphide cadmium, sulphide-gallium etc.
When solar radiation falls on this cell, the cell absorbs it. Thus, pairs of positive and negative charges are formed there which are called electron vacancies. These are separated due to positive and negative junctions. Thus, direct current (DC) is generated which reaches the external electrical load through the metal electrodes.
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